Reservation Era Begins 1850-1878

1875

Lt. Richard Henry Pratt experiments with “assimilation” strategy on prisoners

Lt. Richard Henry Pratt. Image: John N. Choate
Lt. Richard Henry Pratt. Image: John N. Choate

The U.S. Army transports 72 Cheyenne, Kiowa, Apache, Comanche, and Caddo Indian prisoners, including some women and children. In addition to arresting known leaders, there are reports that Army personnel arbitrarily singled out young Native men from the line of surrendering men and declared them leaders. According to another report, a “drunken army officer” lined up Indians and simply counted 18 Cheyenne men into a line and sent them to prison without any review of their cases to determine whether or not they committed a crime. Pratt experiments on prisoners with a militaristic “assimilation” strategy: he enforces the cutting of hair, European-style clothing, the use of the English language, and harsh punishment. This “experiment” becomes the model for the development of Indian Boarding Schools, which Pratt is later tapped to lead (Nies, 1996).

Traumatic Event